9 signs you have a vitamin B12 deficiency

Allana Akhtar

Thu, 9 June 2022 at 11:26 pm·3-min read Animal products, like eggs and meat, are the only natural sources of vitamin .
While it’s true that animal products such as eggs, meat, dairy, and fish are rich sources of vitamin B12, they are not the only natural sources. Certain types of edible algae and bacteria-synthesized B12 can be found in some plant-based foods. However, these sources can be unreliable in terms of the amount and bioavailability of B12 they provide. For people following a vegetarian or vegan diet, fortified foods or supplements are often recommended to ensure adequate B12 intake.

• Research has studied the link between vitamin B12 deficiency and cognitive decline in older people.
• More research is needed on that front, but the nutrient is essential for producing energy.
• Vitamin D deficiencies can cause anemia, fatigue, sensory problems, and nerve damage.

Vitamin B12 is an easy vitamin to get, whether through foods or supplements — which is good because deficiency may cause long-lasting damage to your nerves and cognition.

Recent research has found higher rates of cognitive decline in older people who have both a vitamin B12 deficiency and an excess with either folic acid or vitamin B9, Dr. Eduardo Villamor, a professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan, said.

Some research has suggested vitamin B12 can help with depression and prevent dementia, but Villamor said more research was needed on the influence of vitamin B12 on neurological behavior.

“There is substantial interest on the role of vitamin B12 on neurocognitive performance, especially in the elderly,” Villamor said. “The role of vitamin B12 on fetal, infant, and child neurodevelopment is also an important area of research.”

Here’s how to know whether you’re deficient in vitamin B12 and why you need the important nutrient:

Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency range from mild fatigue to severe neurological complications

Villamor said people lacking in vitamin B12 developed a variety of symptoms depending on how long they were deficient in the nutrient.

People with a mild vitamin B12 deficiency could develop fatigue, he said. Vitamin B12 reacts with compounds in the body to produce DNA and energy, which is why a deficiency can lead to tiredness.

Mild to moderate vitamin B12 deficiency may cause anemia, when the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells to help distribute oxygen. Dr. Aaron Goodman, a hematologist and professor at UC San Diego Health, previously told Insider that anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency produced cracks or sores around the mouth.

Villamor said moderate vitamin B12 deficiency could lead to a form of anemia called macrocytosis, when red blood cells enlarge. The condition does not typically produce symptoms, according to Mayo Clinic, but can show up on routine blood tests.

Moderate deficiency may also lead to peripheral neuropathy, or damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include sensory problems like tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, and glossitis, tongue inflammation that might result in sensitivity to spicy or acidic food.

Severe deficiency could result in “serious neurological and psychiatric manifestations,” Villamor said. Neurological symptoms include:

Irritability.
Impaired cognition.
Depression.
Psychosis.
Dementia.

Severe vitamin B12 deficiency may also cause more serious anemia and problems with other blood cells, inflammation, weakening of the heart, and infertility, Villamor said.

Treating vitamin B12 deficiency

Villamor said people at the highest risk of B12 deficiency were those with low intake of animal foods like eggs and meat, which are the only natural sources of the vitamin. These people might not eat enough animal foods “either by choice, for example, strict vegetarians, or due to socioeconomic constraints, as in many low- and middle-income countries where animal foods can be expensive,” Villamor said.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can be prevented through the intake of animal foods “if choice and purchasing power allow,” Villamor said, or through oral supplements and fortified foods. Other treatments include intramuscular shots or an IV drip.

The doctor added older adults or people who have undergone stomach surgery, such as a bypass, might have a type of malabsorption that can cause vitamin B12 deficiency. People taking medication to decrease stomach acid and alcohol drinkers may also be at risk, Villamor said.

Here are the nine signs and symptoms mentioned:

1. Cognitive Decline: The text mentions a link between vitamin B12 deficiency and cognitive decline, particularly in older people.
2. Anemia: B12 deficiency can cause anemia, a condition where the body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells.
3. Fatigue: A common symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency is fatigue, due to its role in energy production.
4. Sensory Problems: This includes tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, which is a symptom of peripheral neuropathy.
5. Nerve Damage: The text talks about peripheral neuropathy, which is damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, leading to sensory problems.
6. Glossitis: Inflammation of the tongue that might result in sensitivity to spicy or acidic foods.
7. Irritability: Severe deficiency can affect mood, leading to irritability.
8. Psychiatric Manifestations: This includes impaired cognition, depression, psychosis, and dementia as part of neurological symptoms.
9. Physical Health Issues: Severe B12 deficiency may lead to serious anemia, problems with other blood cells, inflammation, weakening of the heart, and infertility.

Read the original article on Insider

Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, including pernicious anemia, is a condition characterized by a lack of red blood cell production due to insufficient levels of vitamin B12. Fatigue is the most common initial symptom, and other indicators may include shortness of breath, pale skin, chest pain, numbness in the hands and feet, poor balance, a smooth red tongue, poor reflexes, depression, and confusion. Without treatment, these symptoms can become permanent.

Pernicious anemia specifically refers to anemia resulting from a deficiency of intrinsic factor, which is primarily caused by an autoimmune attack on the cells responsible for its production in the stomach. It can also occur following stomach surgery or due to an inherited disorder. Other causes of low vitamin B12 include inadequate dietary intake (such as in a vegan diet), celiac disease, or tapeworm infection. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests, which may reveal fewer but larger red blood cells, low levels of vitamin B12, and antibodies to intrinsic factor.

Prevention of pernicious anemia is challenging since it is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor. However, vitamin B12 deficiency due to other causes can be prevented through a balanced diet or supplements. Pernicious anemia can be effectively treated with vitamin B12 injections or pills. In severe cases, injections are often recommended initially, and a nasal spray option is available for those who have difficulty swallowing pills. Treatment is usually lifelong.

Autoimmune-related pernicious anemia affects approximately one in 1000 individuals and is more prevalent in people of northern European descent. Women are more commonly affected than men. With proper treatment, most people with pernicious anemia can lead normal lives. Regular check-ups for stomach cancer are recommended due to a higher risk associated with this condition. The term “pernicious” was used historically as the disease was often fatal before the availability of treatment.

The symptoms of pernicious anemia develop gradually and, if left untreated, can lead to neurological complications and, in severe cases, even death. Many of the signs and symptoms are related to anemia itself. Common symptoms include tingling sensations (paresthesia), tongue soreness (glossitis), fatigue, general weakness, depressive mood, low-grade fevers, diarrhea, dyspepsia, weight loss, neuropathic pain, jaundice, sores at the corner of the mouth (angular cheilitis), pale and dehydrated or cracked lips, dark circles around the eyes, brittle nails, thinning and early greying of the hair, difficulty in proprioception, memory changes, mild cognitive impairment, psychoses, impaired urination, loss of sensation in the feet, unsteady gait, difficulty in walking, muscle weakness, clumsiness, tachycardia, cardiac murmurs, altered blood pressure, shortness of breath, and thyroid disorders. Severe chronic pernicious anemia can lead to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, resulting in sensory loss, absent ankle reflex, increased knee reflex response, and extensor plantar response. Hematological symptoms may include cytopenias, intramedullary hemolysis, and pseudothrombotic microangiopathy. Pernicious anemia can also cause delays in physical growth in children and delay in puberty in adolescents.

The main cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is the inability of the human body to produce the vitamin, necessitating its intake through the diet. After consuming B12-containing foods, proteases released by the pancreas in the small intestine release the vitamin, which is then absorbed in the small bowel (ileum) after binding to intrinsic factor, a protein produced by parietal cells in the stomach lining. In the case of pernicious anemia, the deficiency is caused by the absence of intrinsic factor.

Pernicious anemia is strongly associated with autoimmune gastritis, a condition characterized by stomach atrophy and the presence of antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor. This autoimmune disorder primarily affects the body of the stomach, where parietal cells are located. Antibodies to intrinsic factor and parietal cells lead to the destruction of the gastric mucosa, resulting in the loss of intrinsic factor synthesis. Without intrinsic factor, the ileum cannot absorb vitamin B12.

Although the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in pernicious anemia is still debated, evidence suggests its involvement in the disease’s pathogenesis. Long-standing H. pylori infection can cause gastric autoimmunity through a process known as molecular mimicry, where antibodies produced by the immune system target both H. pylori antigens and those found in the gastric mucosa. Impaired B12 absorption can also occur after gastric surgery or bypass procedures. In these cases, intrinsic factor and other factors required for B12 absorption are either removed or bypassed. However, clinical B12 deficiency is uncommon after these surgeries due to the liver’s ability to store several years’ worth of B12.

While specific susceptibility genes for pernicious anemia have not been identified, a genetic factor likely plays a role in the disease. Pernicious anemia often coexists with other autoimmune disorders, suggesting the involvement of common autoimmune susceptibility genes. Family studies and case reports focusing on pernicious anemia indicate a genetic heritance tendency, with close relatives of affected individuals having a higher incidence of pernicious anemia and related conditions. Additionally, it has been suggested that the presence of antibodies to gastric cells is determined by an autosomal dominant gene and may not necessarily correlate with the occurrence of atrophic gastritis associated with pernicious anemia.

Unraveling the Marvels of Cyanocobalamin: The Powerhouse Vitamin B12

Introduction: In the realm of essential vitamins, few are as vital and intriguing as cyanocobalamin, commonly known as vitamin B12. This water-soluble vitamin plays a crucial role in numerous bodily functions, making it an indispensable nutrient for human health. From supporting red blood cell formation to aiding in neurological function, cyanocobalamin serves as an essential ally in maintaining overall well-being. In this article, we delve into the wonders of cyanocobalamin, exploring its sources, benefits, functions, and potential considerations.

Understanding Cyanocobalamin: Cyanocobalamin is one of the several forms of vitamin B12 and is typically derived from natural sources such as animal-based foods, including meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. It can also be obtained through supplementation or fortified foods. Cyanocobalamin is synthesized by microorganisms, and it contains a cobalt ion at its core, which is essential for its biological activity.

Functions and Benefits:

1. Energy Production and Red Blood Cell Formation: Cyanocobalamin is a vital component in the production of red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, ensuring the healthy development of red blood cells.
2. Neurological Support: Vitamin B12, including cyanocobalamin, contributes to the maintenance of a healthy nervous system. It aids in the production of myelin, a protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers, thus promoting optimal nerve function. Deficiencies in vitamin B12 may lead to neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling sensations, and even cognitive impairments.
3. DNA Synthesis and Cell Division: Cyanocobalamin is involved in DNA synthesis, which is crucial for cell division and growth. It supports the formation of new cells, particularly in tissues with rapid turnover, such as the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.
4. Homocysteine Regulation: Cyanocobalamin, along with other B vitamins, helps regulate the levels of an amino acid called homocysteine. High levels of homocysteine in the blood have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, making cyanocobalamin essential for maintaining heart health.

Considerations and Deficiency: Deficiencies in cyanocobalamin can lead to various health complications, such as pernicious anemia, characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells. Vegans and vegetarians are particularly susceptible to B12 deficiency, as the vitamin is primarily found in animal-derived foods. Individuals with gastrointestinal disorders or those who have undergone certain surgical procedures that affect nutrient absorption may also be at risk.

Supplementation and Safety: For individuals at risk of deficiency or those following plant-based diets, cyanocobalamin supplementation can be an effective solution. Supplements are available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and injections. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage and method of administration.

It’s worth noting that cyanocobalamin is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. However, like any supplement, it may interact with certain medications or medical conditions. Seeking professional advice is essential to ensure proper usage and prevent any potential adverse effects.

Conclusion: Cyanocobalamin, a form of vitamin B12, is a powerhouse nutrient with crucial functions in the body. From supporting energy production and red blood cell formation to promoting neurological health, it plays a vital role in maintaining overall well-being. While deficiencies can occur, especially in certain dietary patterns, supplementation and fortified foods can help bridge the gap. With its remarkable benefits and the role it plays in various bodily processes, cyanocobalamin remains an essential nutrient worthy of recognition and attention.

“B Vitamins: Unlocking the Power of Vitality!”

Introduction

B vitamins are a group of eight essential vitamins that play an important role in maintaining good health. They are involved in many of the body’s metabolic processes, including energy production, red blood cell formation, and the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters. B vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they are not stored in the body and must be replenished through diet or supplementation. B vitamins are found in a variety of foods, including meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and whole grains. They are also available in supplement form. This article will discuss the benefits of B vitamins, their sources, and how to ensure adequate intake.

The Benefits of B Vitamins for Mental Health

B vitamins are essential for maintaining good mental health. They are involved in many processes in the body, including the production of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that help regulate mood and behavior. B vitamins are also important for energy production, which can help reduce fatigue and improve concentration.

B vitamins are found in a variety of foods, including meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and fortified cereals. However, some people may not get enough B vitamins from their diet, and may need to take a supplement.

Studies have shown that B vitamins can help improve mental health in several ways. For example, B vitamins can help reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. They can also help improve cognitive function, including memory and concentration. B vitamins may also help reduce the risk of developing dementia.

B vitamins can also help improve mood and reduce irritability. They can help reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and postpartum depression. B vitamins may also help reduce the risk of developing bipolar disorder.

In addition to their mental health benefits, B vitamins can also help improve physical health. They can help reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. B vitamins can also help improve energy levels and reduce fatigue.

Overall, B vitamins are essential for maintaining good mental health. They can help reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as improve cognitive function and mood. B vitamins can also help reduce the risk of developing certain physical health conditions. For these reasons, it is important to make sure you are getting enough B vitamins from your diet or through supplementation.

How B Vitamins Can Help Improve Your Energy Levels

B vitamins are essential for the body to function properly and are known to help improve energy levels. B vitamins are a group of eight water-soluble vitamins that play an important role in the body’s metabolism, energy production, and nerve function. They are found in a variety of foods, including meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and fortified cereals.

B vitamins are important for energy production because they help the body convert food into energy. They also help the body use carbohydrates, proteins, and fats more efficiently. B vitamins are involved in the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. This helps to ensure that the body has enough energy to perform its daily activities.

B vitamins are also important for nerve function. They help the body produce neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that help the brain communicate with the rest of the body. This helps to ensure that the body is able to respond quickly and efficiently to stimuli.

B vitamins can be taken as supplements or obtained through food sources. Foods that are rich in B vitamins include meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and fortified cereals. Taking a B-complex supplement can also help to ensure that the body is getting enough of these essential vitamins.

In addition to helping the body produce energy, B vitamins can also help to reduce fatigue and improve mental clarity. They can also help to reduce stress and anxiety, which can lead to improved energy levels.

B vitamins are essential for the body to function properly and can help to improve energy levels. Eating a balanced diet that includes foods rich in B vitamins, as well as taking a B-complex supplement, can help to ensure that the body is getting enough of these essential vitamins.

The Role of B Vitamins in Metabolism and Weight Loss

B vitamins are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. They are involved in a variety of metabolic processes, including energy production, the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters, and the regulation of appetite. As such, B vitamins play an important role in weight loss and metabolism.

B vitamins are water-soluble vitamins that are found in a variety of foods, including meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and fortified cereals. They are also available in supplement form. The eight B vitamins are thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12).

B vitamins are involved in a variety of metabolic processes, including energy production. B vitamins help to convert carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into energy. They also help to regulate appetite by influencing the production of hormones and neurotransmitters that control hunger and satiety.

B vitamins are also important for the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters. B vitamins are involved in the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that helps to regulate mood and appetite. They are also involved in the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps to regulate motivation and reward-seeking behavior.

In addition, B vitamins are important for the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. B vitamins help to break down fats and carbohydrates into energy, which can then be used by the body. They also help to regulate blood sugar levels, which can help to prevent cravings and overeating.

Finally, B vitamins are important for the metabolism of proteins. B vitamins help to break down proteins into amino acids, which can then be used by the body for a variety of functions, including muscle growth and repair.

In conclusion, B vitamins play an important role in metabolism and weight loss. They are involved in energy production, the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters, and the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. As such, B vitamins can help to regulate appetite, prevent cravings, and promote weight loss.

The Different Types of B Vitamins and Their Benefits

B vitamins are a group of eight essential vitamins that play an important role in the body’s metabolism, energy production, and overall health. These vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they are not stored in the body and must be replenished through diet or supplementation. The eight B vitamins are thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). Each of these vitamins has its own unique benefits and functions.

Thiamine (B1) is essential for energy production and helps the body convert carbohydrates into energy. It also helps maintain healthy nerve and muscle function. Riboflavin (B2) helps the body break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates and is important for healthy skin, eyes, and hair. Niacin (B3) helps the body break down fats and proteins and is important for healthy skin, nerves, and digestion. Pantothenic acid (B5) helps the body break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and is important for healthy skin, hair, and eyes. Pyridoxine (B6) helps the body break down proteins and is important for healthy brain function and the production of red blood cells. Biotin (B7) helps the body break down fats and carbohydrates and is important for healthy skin, hair, and nails. Folate (B9) helps the body produce and maintain new cells and is important for pregnant women to prevent birth defects. Cobalamin (B12) helps the body produce red blood cells and is important for healthy nerve and brain function.

In summary, B vitamins are essential for the body’s metabolism, energy production, and overall health. Each of the eight B vitamins has its own unique benefits and functions, such as helping the body break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and producing red blood cells. A balanced diet and supplementation can help ensure that the body is getting enough of these essential vitamins.

How to Get Enough Benefit of B Vitamins in Your Diet

Getting enough in your diet is essential for maintaining good health. These are important for a variety of bodily functions, including energy production, metabolism, and the formation of red blood cells. Fortunately, there are many ways to ensure that you are getting enough in your diet.

The best way to get enough is to eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all the food groups. Whole grains, such as oats, barley, and brown rice, are excellent sources. Legumes, such as beans, lentils, and peas, are also good sources. Other good sources include nuts, seeds, and dark leafy greens.

Animal products, such as eggs, dairy, and meat, are also good sources. Fortified foods, such as breakfast cereals, are also a good source. If you are vegan or vegetarian, you may want to consider taking a  supplement to ensure that you are getting enough.

In addition to eating a balanced diet, there are other ways to ensure that you are getting enough. For example, you can take a vitamin supplement or eat foods that are fortified with B vitamins. You can also get these from sunlight exposure, as the body can produce its own when exposed to sunlight.

By following these tips, you can ensure that you are getting enough in your diet. Eating a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all the food groups is the best way to get enough. You can also take a supplement or eat foods that are fortified. Finally, you can get vitamins from sunlight exposure. By following these tips, you can ensure that you are getting enough in your diet.

Conclusion

In conclusion, B vitamins are essential for a healthy body and mind. They are involved in many important processes, such as energy production, metabolism, and the formation of red blood cells. B vitamins are found in a variety of foods, including meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, and some fortified cereals and breads. A balanced diet should provide enough B vitamins, but if you are deficient in any of them, a supplement may be necessary.